| Joining Word |
Feature |
Function |
Example |
| and, also, besides |
connects |
Joins two similar ideas |
All of us were exhausted and hungry,
too. She speaks English, French and also Vietnamese. |
| for, yet, so |
connect |
similar ideas |
It was raining hard so they
had to stay indoors. |
| But, however,
still, nevertheless, |
connects |
joins two dissimiliar ideas |
She hurt herself in the race but
she did not seek help. The old lad is ill; still
she refuses to see a doctor. |
| neither, nor, either, or |
connects by |
provide Alternatives |
The stranger neither looked
at nor spoke to anyone. |
| because, in that, since |
relationships |
shows Cause/Reason |
You will have to walk home since
the train has departed already. |
| if, although, unless |
relationships |
shows Condition |
Although the British lost
the first soccer match they were not discouraged. |
| as, as though |
relationships |
shows Manner |
He photographed the bird as
it was flying. |
| in order that, so that, therefore,
consequently |
relationships |
shows Results |
I drew the curtains so that
no light could enter. He broke many school rules, consequently
he was expelled. |
| after, before, since, until, when,
whenever, while |
relationships |
shows Time |
When I came home, the door
was open. While the teacher was talking Peter
was thinking of something else. |
| 'who' |
connects |
replaces people |
The Police Officer, who turns
65 today, has no retirement plans. |
| 'which' and 'that' |
connects |
replaces things |
The deodrant spray, which Greenpeace
said harmed the ozone layer, has been withdrawn from the market. |
